Soo saaraha Sifeynta Birta Daloola

Noocyada Shaandheynta Birta Dabada leh

Shaandhooyinka birta ah ee daloolka leh waxaa lagu sameeyaa isku-buufin iyo isku-buufinta budada birta ah si ay u abuuraan qaab-dhismeed adag oo leh daloolno isku xiran.

Waxay aad ugu fiican yihiin inay ka saaraan wasakhda iyo wasakhda dareeraha iyo gaaska, waxaana loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo

codsiyada warshadaha iyo ganacsiga.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo ah filtarrada birta daloolsan, oo lagu kala saaro nooca birta la isticmaalo, cabbirka daloolka, iyo joomatariga shaandhada.

Qaar ka mid ah noocyada ugu caansan ee filtarrada birta daloolsan waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Shaandheeyayaasha Bir la'aanta ah

 

filtarrada birta ah ee aan dabada lahayn ayaa ah nooca ugu badan ee shaandhada birta dabada ah, waxaana loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo

codsiyada ay sabab u tahay iska caabin daxalka aadka u fiican, dulqaadka heerkulka sare, iyo xoogga farsamada.

filtarrada birta aan-dhalatada lahayn waxaa lagu samayn karaa tiro balaadhan oo cabbir dalool ah, laga bilaabo dhawr mikron ilaa dhowr

milimitir, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada sifaynta ee kala duwan.

2. Shaandheeyayaasha Maar ah

 

Shaandhooyinka sinteed ee naxaasta ah waa nooc kale oo caan ah oo shaandhada birta ah, waxaana lagu yaqaanaa xooggooda sare,

adkeysiga, iyo iska caabinta daxalka iyo xirashada.Shaandhooyinka sinteed bronze waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa codsiyada halka

iska caabin heerkul sare ah ayaa loo baahan yahay, sida sariiraha dareeraha leh, farsamaynta kiimikada, iyo sifaynta heerkul sare.

3. Titanium Sintered Filters

 

 

filtarrada Titanium sintered waxay bixiyaan heerka ugu sarreeya ee iska caabbinta daxalka ee nooc kasta oo shaandhada birta daloolka leh,

iyo sidoo kale noole la jaan qaadi kara, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin in loo isticmaalo daawaynta, dawooyinka, iyo habaynta cuntada

codsiyada.filtarrada Titanium sintered sidoo kale waa kuwo aad u xoog badan oo waara, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan oo deegaan baahida.

4. Nikel Sintered Filters

filtarrada nickel sintered waxaa loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo codsiyo halkaas oo nadiif sare iyo iska caabin daxalka

ayaa loo baahan yahay.filtarrada nickel sintered sidoo kale waa kuwo aad u xoog badan oo waara, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan

deegaan baahi badan.

5. Shaandhooyin kale oo bir ah

Marka laga soo tago birta aan-xawaalka ahayn, bronze, titanium, iyo filtarrada nikkel sintered, waxaa jira noocyo kale oo kala duwan.

filtarrada biraha daloola ayaa diyaar ah, oo laga sameeyay agabka sida naxaasta, Hastelloy, iyo Inconel.filtarradan

waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa codsiyada khaaska ah halkaas oo hantidooda gaarka ah looga baahan yahay.

6. Shaandhee Joometri

filtarrada biraha daloolka leh waxaa lagu soo saari karaa noocyo kala duwan oo joomatari ah, oo ay ku jiraan:

* filtarrada cylindrical

* filtarrada kartoonada

* Shaandhaynta saxanka

* Shaandhaynta caleenta

* miirayaasha tuubada

* filtarrada saxannada

* filtarrada gaarka ah

Joometri shaandhada waxaa lagu doortaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo shuruudaha codsiga gaarka ah, sida kuwa

heerka socodka, cadaadiska hoos u dhaca, iyo nooca wasakhaysan ee la saarayo.

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah codsiyada warshadaha iyo ganacsiga badan.

Waxay bixiyaan faa'iidooyin kala duwan marka loo eego noocyada kale ee filtarrada, oo ay ku jiraan:

* Waxtarka sifaynta sare

* adkeysi heer sare ah

* Iska caabin daxalka wanaagsan

* dulqaadka heerkulka sare

* Xajmiyada daloolka ballaaran ee la heli karo

* Dib loo isticmaali karo oo la nadiifin karo

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo adeegsadaa codsiyo kala duwan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan:

* Ka-hortagga kiimikada

* Habaynta cuntada iyo cabitaanka

* Soo saarista dawooyinka

* Soo saarista qalabka caafimaadka

* Wax-soo-saarka Semiconductor

* Hawada iyo difaaca

* Baabuur

* Saliid iyo Gaas

* Daaweynta biyaha iyo biyaha wasakhda ah

* Ilaalinta deegaanka

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waa xal sifaysan oo wax ku ool ah oo badan oo codsiyo kala duwan ah.

Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee shaandhaynta birta daloolsan

Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee filtarrada birta daloolsan waa:

* Waxtarka sifaynta sare:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxay ka saari karaan noocyo badan oo wasakhaysan iyo wasakhda dareeraha ah

iyo gaasaska, oo ay ku jiraan adkaha, bakteeriyada, iyo fayrasyada.

* adkeysi heer sare ah:filtarrada biraha daloolka leh aad bay u xoog badan yihiin oo waara, waxayna u adkeysan karaan cadaadis sare iyo

heerkulka.

* Iska caabin daxalka wanaagsan: filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa laga heli karaa agabyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan wasakhda lahayn

bir, naxaas,titanium, iyo nikkel, kuwaas oo bixiya iska caabin aad u fiican oo daxalka ah ee tiro badan oo kiimiko ah

iyo deegaanka.

* Dulqaadka heerkulka sare:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxaa loo isticmaali karaa codsiyada heerkulka sare, ilaa dhowr

boqol darajo Celsius.

* Xajmiyada daloolka ballaaran ee la heli karo:filtarrada biraha daloolka leh waxaa lagu soo saari karaa cabbirro kala duwan oo daldalool ah,

laga soo bilaabo dhowr micronsilaa dhowr milimitir, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada kala duwan ee shaandhaynta.

* Dib loo isticmaali karo oo la nadiifin karo:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa dib loo isticmaali karaa waana la nadiifin karaa, kuwaas oo lacag ku badbaadin kara

shaandhaynta kharashka beddelka.

Waxa intaa dheer in kuwan sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan, filtarrada biraha dalool sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan tiro ka mid ah

faa'iidooyinka kale, sida:

* Waxtarka sifaynta sare:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxay ka saari karaan noocyo badan oo wasakh iyo wasakh ah

dareeraha iyo gaaska, oo ay ku jiraan adkaha, bakteeriyada, iyo fayrasyada.

* adkeysi heer sare ah:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh aad bay u xoog badan yihiin oo waara, waxayna u adkeysan karaan cadaadis sare

iyo heerkulka.

* Iska caabin daxalka wanaagsan:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa laga heli karaa agabyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan wasakhda lahayn

bir, naxaas, titanium,

iyo nikkel, kuwaas oo siinaya iska caabin aad u fiican oo ka soo horjeeda kiimikooyinka iyo deegaanka kala duwan.

* Dulqaadka heerkulka sare:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxaa loo isticmaali karaa codsiyada heerkulka sare, ilaa

dhowr boqol oo darajo Celsius.

* Xajmiyada daloolka ballaaran ee la heli karo:Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxaa lagu soo saari karaa dalool ballaaran oo kala duwan

cabbirrada, laga bilaabo dhowr mikron ilaadhowr milimitir, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada shaandhaynta ee kala duwan.

Dib loo isticmaali karo oo la nadiifin karo: filtarrada birta ah ee daloolka leh waadib loo isticmaali karo oo la nadiifin karo, taas oo lacag ku badbaadin karta

shaandhaynta kharashka beddelka.

Guud ahaan, filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa ah xal sifaysan oo wax ku ool ah oo kala duwan oo codsiyo ah.

Waxay bixiyaan isku-dar ah waxtarka sifaynta sare, adkeysiga, iska caabinta daxalka, iyo dulqaadka heerkulka,

iyaga oo ka dhigaya doorasho caan ah warshado badan.

Sida Loo Doorto Shaandheeyaha Birta Dabada Ah ee Saxda ah

codsiga sifaynta kala duwan

Filterka birta daloolsan ee gaarka ah ee ku habboon codsi sifeyn gaar ah waxay ku xirnaan doontaa arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan:

* Nooca dareeraha ama gaaska la sifeynayo

* Baaxadda iyo xoogga saarida walxaha la saarayo

* Heerka socodka la rabo

* Heerkulka shaqada iyo cadaadiska

* Waafaqsanaanta kiimikaad ee walxaha shaandhada leh dareeraha ama gaaska la sifeynayo

* Qiimaha walxaha shaandhada

Qaar ka mid ah codsiyada shaandhada birta dalool ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

* Sifeynta dareeraha ah:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu shaandheeyo dareerayaal badan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan biyaha,

saliid, kiimikooyin, iyo cuntooyin.Tusaale ahaan, filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha

dhirta si ay bakteeriyada iyo wasakhda kale uga saarto biyaha la cabbo.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa saliidda

Sifeynta si ay wasakhda uga saaraan saliidda cayriin.

* Sifeynta gaaska: 

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa si loo sifeeyo gaaska, sida hawada, nitrogen, iyo

hydrogen.Tusaale ahaan, filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa loo adeegsadaa kombaresarada hawada si ay boodhka uga saaraan

Qaybaha kale ee hawada.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka semiconductor si meesha looga saaro

wasakhowga ka yimaada gaasaska loo isticmaalo in lagu xoqo oo lagu shubo aflaanta khafiifka ah maraqa silikoon.

Waa kuwan tusaalooyin gaar ah oo ku saabsan sida loo doorto shaandhada birta daloolsan ee saxda ah

codsiyada kala duwan ee sifaynta:

* Sifeynta biyaha:

Sifeynta biyaha, waxaa muhiim ah in la doorto walxaha shaandhada u adkeysanaya daxalka iyo weerarka kiimikada.Birta aan-dhalatada lahayn ayaa ah doorasho wanaagsan badi codsiyada sifaynta biyaha.Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii biyuhu aysiidh badan yihiin ama ay daxal yihiin, walxo adkaysi u leh sida titanium ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo.Cabbirka daloolka shaandhada waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo cabbirka qaybaha la saarayo.Tusaale ahaan, unugga shaandhada leh cabbirka daloolka 10 microns ayaa ka saari doona qayb ka weyn dhexroorka 10 microns.

* Sifeynta saliidda:

Sifeynta saliidda, waxaa muhiim ah in la doorto shay shaandheyn ah oo ku habboon nooca saliidda la sifeynayo.Tusaale ahaan, bronze waa doorasho wanaagsan oo lagu sifeeyo saliidaha ku salaysan batroolka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, birta aan la taaban karin ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican ee lagu shaandheynayo saliidaha synthetic.Cabbirka daloolka shaandhada waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo cabbirka qaybaha la saarayo iyo heerka socodka la doonayo.

* Sifeynta Kiimikada:

Sifeynta kiimikada, waxaa muhiim ah in la doorto shay shaandheyn ku habboon kiimikooyinka la sifeynayo.Tusaale ahaan, birta aan lahayni waa doorasho wanaagsan oo lagu sifeeyo inta badan asiidhka iyo saldhigyada.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, titanium ama nikkel ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo si loo sifeeyo kiimikooyin badan oo gardarro leh.Cabbirka daloolka shaandhada waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo cabbirka qaybaha la saarayo iyo heerka socodka la doonayo.

* Sifeynta hawada:

Sifeynta hawada, waxaa muhiim ah in la doorto shay shaandheyn ah oo wax ku ool u ah meesha laga saarayo nooca walxaha la saarayo.Tusaale ahaan, shaandhada HEPA ayaa loo baahan yahay si looga saaro walxaha aadka u yaryar, sida manka iyo caarada boodhka.Cabbirka daloolka shaandhada waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo cabbirka qaybaha la saarayo iyo heerka socodka la doonayo.

Haddii aadan hubin shaandhada birta daloolka leh ee ku habboon codsigaaga gaarka ah, waxa fiican inaad la tashato khabiir aqoon leh.Waxay kaa caawin karaan inaad qiimeyso baahiyahaaga oo aad doorato walxaha shaandhada ugu fiican ee nidaamkaaga.

Codsiyada shaandhaynta birta daloolka leh

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo adeegsadaa codsiyo kala duwan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan:

* Habaynta cuntada iyo cabitaanka:

filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo shaandheeyo noocyo kala duwan oo cunto iyo cabitaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan biyaha,

caanaha, biirka, khamriga, iyo casiirka.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro wasakhda saliidda wax lagu karsado iyo dufanka kale.

* Soo saarista dawooyinka:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo dareerayaasha nadiifka ah iyo in meesha laga saarowasakhowga ka yimaada alaabta dawooyinka.

Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu nadiifiyo hawada iyo gaasta qolalka nadiifka ah iyo meelaha kale ee la xakameeyey.

* Habayn kiimiko:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo kiimikooyin kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan asiidhyada, saldhigyada, dareerayaasha, iyo saliidaha.

Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro wasakhda kiciyayaasha iyo qalabka kale ee habsocodka.

* Sifeynta shidaalka:

filtarrada biraha daloolka leh waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo saliidda cayriin iyo batroolka, sida shidaalka, shidaalka naaftada,

iyo shidaalka jet.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro wasakhda kiciyayaasha iyo qalabka kale ee habsocodka.

* Daaweynta biyaha iyo biyaha wasakhda ah:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, iyo wasakhooyinka kale ee biyaha la cabbo

iyo biyaha wasakhda ah.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha si looga saaro wasakhowga ka hor inta aan lagu sii dayn deegaanka.

* Koronto dhalin:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo biyaha, uumiga, iyo dareerayaasha kale ee ku jira dhirta korontada.Waxay kaloo yihiin

loo isticmaalo in lagu sifeeyo hawada si looga saaro boodhka iyo qaybaha kale ka hor inta aan loo isticmaalin in lagu qaboojiyo qalabka warshadda.

* Hawada sare iyo difaaca:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo shidaalka, dareerayaasha haydarooliga, iyo dareerayaasha kale ee diyaaradda iyo hawada sare.

Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo hawada si looga saaro wasakhowga ka hor inta aan loo isticmaalin in lagu qaboojiyo qalabka diyaaradda ama dayax-gacmeedka.

* Baabuur:

Shaandhooyinka biraha daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo shidaalka, saliidda, iyo dareerayaasha kale ee baabuurta.Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo

hawadu si ay uga saarto boodhka iyo qaybaha kale ka hor inta aanay gelin mishiinka.

Marka laga soo tago codsiyadan guud, filtarrada biraha daloolka leh ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa codsiyo gaar ah oo kala duwan, sida:

* Soo saarista qalabka caafimaadka:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo dhiiga iyo dareerayaasha kale ee ku jira aaladaha caafimaadka, sida mishiinada sifaynta iyo mishiinada sambabada wadnaha.

* Wax-soo-saarka Semiconductor:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo gaaska loo isticmaalo in lagu xoqo oo lagu dhigo aflaanta khafiifka ah maraqyada silikoon.

* Ilaalinta deegaanka:

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sifeeyo qiiqa ka imanaya dhirta warshadaha iyo in laga saaro wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha.

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waa xal sifaysan oo wax ku ool ah oo badan oo codsiyo kala duwan ah.Waxay bixiyaan isku-dar ah waxtarka sifaynta sare, adkaysiga, iska caabinta daxalka, iyo dulqaadka heerkulka, iyaga oo ka dhigaya doorasho caan ah warshado badan.

Waxa ay tahay inaad daryeesho ama tustid soo-saaraha

Goorma OEM Filterka Birta Dabada leh ?

Marka shaandhada birta dalool ee OEM, waxaa jira dhowr waxyaalood oo ay tahay inaad daryeesho ama tustid soo saaraha, oo ay ku jiraan:

* Shuruudaha sifaynta:

Intee in le'eg ee walxaha aad u baahan tahay si aad u shaandhayso?Waa maxay heerka socodka ugu badan ee shaandhadaadu u baahan tahay inay qabato?

Waa maxay heerkulka hawlgalka iyo cadaadiska nidaamkaaga?

* Xulashada agabka:

Waa maxay nooca alaabta ugu habboon codsigaaga?

Tixgeli deegaanka daxalka leh, heerkulka, iyo shuruudaha cadaadiska.

* Qaabka iyo cabbirka:

Qaabkee iyo cabbirka shaandhada shayga aad u baahan tahay?

Tixgeli xannibaadaha booska ee nidaamkaaga iyo heerka socodka loo baahan yahay.

* Shahaadada iyo heerarka:

Ma jiraan shahaado gaar ah ama heerar ay tahay in shaygaagu buuxiyo?

* Tijaabinta iyo xakamaynta tayada:

Waa maxay nooca tijaabada iyo hababka xakamaynta tayada ee soo saaraha uu ku hayo meesha?

Halkan waxaa ah sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan arrin kasta:

1. Shuruudaha sifaynta

Talaabada ugu horeysa ee shaandhada birta daloolka leh ee OEM waa in la go'aamiyo shuruudahaaga sifaynta.Intee in le'eg ee walxaha aad u baahan tahay si aad u shaandhayso?Waa maxay heerka socodka ugu badan ee shaandhadaadu u baahan tahay inay qabato?Waa maxay heerkulka hawlgalka iyo cadaadiska nidaamkaaga?

Markaad ogaato shuruudaha shaandhaynta, waxaad bilaabi kartaa inaad la shaqeyso soo saaraha si aad u horumariso shaandhada buuxinaysa baahiyahaaga.Soo saaraha ayaa awood u yeelan doona inuu kugula taliyo qalab gaar ah iyo naqshado ku salaysan shuruudahaaga.

2. Xulashada alaabta

Nooca walxaha loo isticmaalo samaynta shaandhada birta daloolka leh waa muhiim in la tixgeliyo.Qaar ka mid ah agabka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah birta aan birta lahayn, bronze, titanium, iyo nikkel.Qalab kastaa wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin u gaar ah, sida caabbinta daxalka, dulqaadka heerkulka, iyo xoogga.

Tusaale ahaan, birta daxalka ahi waa doorasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay codsiyada halka iska caabinta daxalka ay muhiim u tahay.Bronze waa doorasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay codsiyada halka loo baahan yahay iska caabin heerkul sare ah.Titanium waa doorasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay codsiyada halka ku habboonaanta noolaha looga baahan yahay.Iyo nikkel waa doorasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay codsiyada halkaasoo nadiifin sare iyo caabbinta daxalka looga baahan yahay.

3. Qaabka iyo cabbirka

Shaandhooyinka birta daloolka leh waxaa lagu soo saari karaa qaabab iyo cabbirro kala duwan.Qaababka ugu caansan waa cylindrical, kartridge, saxan, caleen, tuubo, iyo filtarrada saxanka.filtarrada gaarka ah sidoo kale waa la soo saari karaa si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha codsiga gaarka ah.

Qaabka iyo cabbirka cunsurka shaandhada waxay ku xirnaan doontaa xannibaadaha booska ee nidaamkaaga iyo heerka socodka loo baahan yahay.Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad leedahay meel xaddidan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad doorato shaandhada cylindrical.Haddii aad u baahan tahay socodka qulqulka sareeyo, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad doorato walxaha shaandhada kartuunada.

4. Shahaadada iyo heerarka

Warshadaha qaarkood waxay leeyihiin shahaado gaar ah ama shuruudo heerar ah oo loogu talagalay filtarrada birta daloolka leh.Tusaale ahaan, warshadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka waxay u baahan karaan filtarrada inay noqdaan FDA-ansixisay.Warshadaha caafimaadkuna waxay u baahan karaan filtarrada si loo xaqiijiyo ISO 13485.

Haddii aadan hubin in wax shahaado ah ama shuruudaha heerarka lagu dabaqi karo codsigaaga, waxaa fiican inaad la tashato ururkaaga warshadaha ama khabiir aqoon leh.

5. Tijaabinta iyo ilaalinta tayada

Waa muhiim in la doorto soo saaraha sumcad wanaagsan ku leh tayada oo adeegsada habraacyo tijaabo oo adag.Soo-saareyaashu waa inay awoodaan inay ku siiyaan natiijooyin tijaabo ah oo muujinaya in qaybta shaandhada ay buuxisay shuruudahaaga.

Marka lagu daro arrimaha kor ku xusan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad sidoo kale rabto inaad tixgeliso kuwan soo socda marka shaandhada birta ee OEM:

* Waqtiga hogaaminta:Intee in le'eg ayay ku qaadan doontaa soo-saaraha in uu soo saaro oo keeno walxaha shaandhada?

* Qiimaha:Immisa ayay ku kacaysaa cunta shaandhada?

* Garanti iyo taageero:Soosaaruhu ma bixiyaa dammaanad ku saabsan walxaha shaandhada?Waa maxay nooca taageerada farsamo ee ay bixiyaan?

Markaad si taxadar leh u tixgeliso dhammaan arrimahan, waxaad dooran kartaa soo saaraha saxda ah oo aad horumarin kartaa shaandhaynta birta ah ee daboolaysa baahiyahaaga gaarka ah